$Id: README.request_response_tracking 20856 2007-02-19 06:26:07Z jake $

1. Introduction

It is often useful to enhance dissectors for request/response style protocols
to match requests with responses.
This allows you to display useful information in the decode tree such as which
requests are matched to which response and the response time for individual 
transactions.

This is also useful if you want to pass some data from the request onto the
dissection of the actual response. The RPC dissector for example does
something like this to pass the actual command opcode from the request onto 
the response dissector since the opcode itself is not part of the response 
packet and without the opcode we would not know how to decode the data.

It is also useful when you need to track information on a per conversation 
basis such as when some parameters are negotiated during a login phase of the 
protocol and when these parameters affect how future commands on that session
are to be decoded. The iSCSI dissector does something similar to that to track 
which sessions that HeaderDigest is activated for and which ones it is not.

2. Implementation

The example below shows how simple this is to add to the dissector IF:
1. there is something like a transaction id in the header,
2. it is very unlikely that the transaction identifier is reused for the 
   same conversation.

The example is taken from the PANA dissector:

First we need to include the definitions for conversations and memory 
management.

	#include <epan/conversation.h>
	#include <epan/emem.h>

Then we also need a few header fields to show the relations between request 
and response as well as the response time.

	static int hf_pana_response_in = -1;
	static int hf_pana_response_to = -1;
	static int hf_pana_time = -1;

We need a structure that holds all the information we need to remember 
between the request and the responses. One such structure will be allocated 
for each unique transaction.
In the example we only keep the frame numbers of the request and the response
as well as the timestamp for the request.
But since this structure is persistent and also a unique one is allocated for 
each request/response pair, this is a good place to store other additional
data you may want to keep track of from a request to a response.

	typedef struct _pana_transaction_t {
	        guint32 req_frame;
	        guint32 rep_frame;
	        nstime_t req_time;
	} pana_transaction_t;

We also need a structure that holds persistent information for each 
conversation. A conversation is identified by SRC/DST address, protocol and 
SRC/DST port, see README.developer.
In this case we only want to have a binary tree to track the actual 
transactions that occur for this unique conversation.
Some protocols negotiate session parameters during a login phase and those
parameters may affect how later commands on the same session is to be decoded,
this would be a good place to store that additional info you may want to keep
around.

	typedef struct _pana_conv_info_t {
	        emem_tree_t *pdus;
	} pana_conv_info_t;

Finally for the meat of it, add the conversation and tracking code to the 
actual dissector.

	...
	guint32 seq_num;
	conversation_t *conversation;
	pana_conv_info_t *pana_info;
	pana_transaction_t *pana_trans;

	...
	/* Get the transaction identifier */
	seq_num = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 8);
	...

	/* 
	 * We need to track some state for this protocol on a per conversation
	 * basis so we can do neat things like request/response tracking
	 */
	/*
	 * Do we have a conversation for this connection?
	 */
	conversation = find_conversation(pinfo->fd->num, 
				&pinfo->src, &pinfo->dst,
				pinfo->ptype, 
				pinfo->srcport, pinfo->destport, 0);
	if (conversation == NULL) {
		/* We don't yet have a conversation, so create one. */
		conversation = conversation_new(pinfo->fd->num, 
					&pinfo->src, &pinfo->dst,
					pinfo->ptype,
					pinfo->srcport, pinfo->destport, 0);
	}
	/*
	 * Do we already have a state structure for this conv
	 */
	pana_info = conversation_get_proto_data(conversation, proto_pana);
	if (!pana_info) {
		/*
                 * No.  Attach that information to the conversation, and add
		 * it to the list of information structures.
		 */
		pana_info = se_alloc(sizeof(pana_conv_info_t));
		pana_info->pdus = se_tree_create_non_persistent(
					EMEM_TREE_TYPE_RED_BLACK, "pana_pdus");

		conversation_add_proto_data(conversation, proto_pana, pana_info);
	}
	if (!pinfo->fd->flags.visited) {
		if (flags&PANA_FLAG_R) {
			/* This is a request */
			pana_trans = se_alloc(sizeof(pana_transaction_t));
			pana_trans->req_frame = pinfo->fd->num;
			pana_trans->rep_frame = 0;
			pana_trans->req_time = pinfo->fd->abs_ts;
			se_tree_insert32(pana_info->pdus, seq_num, (void *)pana_trans);
		} else {
			pana_trans = se_tree_lookup32(pana_info->pdus, seq_num);
			if (pana_trans) {
				pana_trans->rep_frame = pinfo->fd->num;
			}
		}
	} else {
		pana_trans = se_tree_lookup32(pana_info->pdus, seq_num);
	}
	if (!pana_trans) {
		/* create a "fake" pana_trans structure */
		pana_trans = ep_alloc(sizeof(pana_transaction_t));
		pana_trans->req_frame = 0;
		pana_trans->rep_frame = 0;
		pana_trans->req_time = pinfo->fd->abs_ts;
	}

	/* print state tracking in the tree */
	if (flags&PANA_FLAG_R) {
		/* This is a request */
		if (pana_trans->rep_frame) {
			proto_item *it;

			it = proto_tree_add_uint(pana_tree, hf_pana_response_in,
					tvb, 0, 0, pana_trans->rep_frame);
			PROTO_ITEM_SET_GENERATED(it);
		}
	} else {
		/* This is a reply */
		if (pana_trans->req_frame) {
			proto_item *it;
			nstime_t ns;

			it = proto_tree_add_uint(pana_tree, hf_pana_response_to,
					tvb, 0, 0, pana_trans->req_frame);
			PROTO_ITEM_SET_GENERATED(it);

			nstime_delta(&ns, &pinfo->fd->abs_ts, &pana_trans->req_time);
			it = proto_tree_add_time(pana_tree, hf_pana_time, tvb, 0, 0, &ns);
			PROTO_ITEM_SET_GENERATED(it);
		}
	}

Then we just need to declare the hf fields we used.

	{ &hf_pana_response_in,
		{ "Response In", "pana.response_in",
		FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x0,
		"The response to this PANA request is in this frame", HFILL }
	},
	{ &hf_pana_response_to,
		{ "Request In", "pana.response_to",
		FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x0,
		"This is a response to the PANA request in this frame", HFILL }
	},
	{ &hf_pana_time,
		{ "Time", "pana.time",
		FT_RELATIVE_TIME, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0,
		"The time between the Call and the Reply", HFILL }
	},
