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1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 What is 123D Design? .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 How does 123D Design work? ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 What is a solid and what is a mesh?................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 What is direct modeling?..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Why can't I extrude, sweep, loft or revolve an open profile? .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.6 Can we use a coordinate system in 123D Design? ............................................................................................................................................ 6 1.7 What can I do with 123D Design? ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Getting Started............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.1 Opening a file from the cloud or from local drive ........................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Saving a file into the cloud or local drive ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Online and offline modes .................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

3 Using content in 123D Design .................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Concept of primitive .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 How to insert a 3D primitive in a scene ........................................................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Using content from the Parts Bin...................................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Opening content from the Gallery.................................................................................................................................................................... 18

4 Manipulation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 4.1 How to move/rotate an object/sketch............................................................................................................................................................. 19 4.2 How to scale an object/sketch .......................................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.3 How to use Smart Scale ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.4 How to manipulate faces and edges ................................................................................................................................................................ 21 4.5 How to snap solids ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 4.6 How to align objects .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 22

5 Sketching ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 5.1 How to sketch in 123D Design .......................................................................................................................................................................... 23 5.2 How to insert a 2d sketch in the scene ............................................................................................................................................................ 23 5.3 How to sketch a Rectangle ................................................................................................................................................................................ 24 5.4 How to add Fillet to a sketch............................................................................................................................................................................. 24 5.5 How to Trim a sketch ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 5.6 How to Extend a sketch ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 5.7 How to Offset a sketch ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 5.8 How to Project a sketch..................................................................................................................................................................................... 25

6 How to create solid geometry.................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 6.1 How to use Extrude feature .............................................................................................................................................................................. 26 6.2 How to use Sweep feature ................................................................................................................................................................................ 27 6.3 How to use Revolve feature .............................................................................................................................................................................. 27 6.4 How to use Loft feature..................................................................................................................................................................................... 28

7 How to edit solid geometry........................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 7.1 How to use Press Pull feature ........................................................................................................................................................................... 29 7.2 How to use Tweak feature ................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 7.3 How to use Split Face feature ........................................................................................................................................................................... 30 7.4 How to use Fillet feature ................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 7.5 How to use Chamfer feature............................................................................................................................................................................. 30 7.6 How to use Split Solid feature........................................................................................................................................................................... 31 7.7 How to use Shell feature ................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

9.1 How to use Measure tool .................................................................................................................................................................................. 33 9.2 How to use Ruler ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 34 10 How to convert a Mesh into Solid .................................................................................................................................................................... 35 11 How to create patterns...................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 11.1 How to use Rectangular Pattern ................................................................................................................................................................. 36 11.2 How to use Circular Pattern......................................................................................................................................................................... 36 11.3 How to use Path Pattern.............................................................................................................................................................................. 37 11.4 How to Mirror solids .................................................................................................................................................................................... 37 12 How to group and combine objects ................................................................................................................................................................. 38 12.1 How to Group solids ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 12.2 How to Ungroup solids................................................................................................................................................................................. 38 12.3 How to Combine objects.............................................................................................................................................................................. 39 13 How to import geometry into 123D Design ..................................................................................................................................................... 40 13.1 Importing SVG files ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 40 14 How to add Material to an object..................................................................................................................................................................... 41 15 How to export from 123D Design ..................................................................................................................................................................... 42 15.1 Export 3D solid formats ............................................................................................................................................................................... 42 15.2 Export 3D mesh formats .............................................................................................................................................................................. 42 15.3 Export 2D vector formats............................................................................................................................................................................. 43 16 Working with the entire 123D ecosystem........................................................................................................................................................ 45 16.1 123D Design (desktop) and 123D Design iOS ............................................................................................................................................. 45 16.2 123D Design and 123D Catch ...................................................................................................................................................................... 47 16.3 123D Design and Meshmixer....................................................................................................................................................................... 49 16.4 123D Design and 123D Make ...................................................................................................................................................................... 51 16.5 123D Design and Tinkercad ......................................................................................................................................................................... 53 16.6 123D Design and Tinkerplay ........................................................................................................................................................................ 54 17 3D printing from 123D ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 17.1 Exporting for 3D printing ............................................................................................................................................................................. 55 17.2 Using Meshmixer for 3D printing ................................................................................................................................................................ 56

123D Design is a powerful, easy and user-friendly 3D application that can create amazing and complex objects starting from basic shapes or sketches. These objects can then be 3D printed or manufactured with CNC, laser cutters, water jet cutters, etc. The ability to start from content reduces the learning curve and avoids the need of the level of abstraction required when starting from a black canvas and sketches

When we started the challenge of creating a simple but powerful application for 3D modeling and 3D printing, some decisions had to be made about which workflows to enable. The initial and core target audience was design enthusiasts and hobbyists, who may not want to spend too much time training on a more professional application. Soon we found Design getting used by a much wider audience, so we also expanded the use cases.

That said, we really wanted to stay as simple and intuitive as possible, while adding some extra pow er on different areas of the product. Using existing content seemed to be a great starting point, as opposed to starting with a blank canvas and forcing people to work from sketches. Sketching requires an additional level of abstraction, which we definitely wanted to support, but still give extra emphases to workflows were you can start with primitives and content. With that in mind, adding content to the scene and making it interact nicely with other content was very relevant. This is the reason why any primitive from the toolbar or content from the Parts Bin will try to align to existing content on the scene, and you will see it moving in the screen in real time. We call that action cruising. Cruising can also happen when you drag an existing part and press Shift. At that point, the part will try to use whatever you picked (a face, an edge, a vertex) to cruise and align with other faces or edges.

Most of the interactions try to be as natural as possible, and sometimes quite different to mechanical cad applications. For example, upo n clicking any object, we select the object itself (instead of going directly into faces or edges). If you want to select edges or faces, you will need to drill down with a second selection. This interaction has proved to be much simpler, and also allows users to immediately click and drag an object. This would be less desirable in mechanical cad, but our target is far from that one a nyways.

Another interaction we added from the beginning (and that you can disable if you don't like it) is that as soon as you snap a n object with another one, they are automatically grouped. Why is that? Let's say that you add a cylinder on top of a box. Then you move the box. Would you expect to move the cylinder? There's a high chance this is the case. And for those situations we created the implicit grouping that you can see on 123D Design. Of course, there are as many people that love it than the ones that hate it. This is the reason we added a toggle for this behavior.

Grouping works in similar ways to other products. When we started thinking about how to build this product, we tried to make it as familiar as possible with known behaviors from 3D and 2D applications. For example, if you double click on a group, you will select the object of the group under your mouse, and will be able to edit this object without ungrouping. Something similar happens in PowerPoint, for example.

Smart Scale now brings familiarity into a new level, since it offers editing using the very same vertex and midpoint grips that you can see (again) in PowerPoint, or in 123D Design's cousin, Tinkercad. So we bring familiarity not only to users of 2D applications that are entering the 3D world, but also to Tinkercad users that may want to start using a more powerful application for solid modeling while keeping some of the interactions they learned and love in Tinkercad (like editing and aligning).

3D modeling solutions often work with two different types of models: meshes and b-rep solids. It is important to understand the difference between both, since it will help you have more control in 123D Design. The app was originally (and still is) a b-rep modeler. This means that you will have the most accurate representation of the objects you are working on. This approach is mostly seen on mechanical cad and some generic ones (Inventor, Fusion 360, AutoCAD). For example, if you build a cylinder in 123D Design (image below), it will be the extrusion of a circle. The surface will be smooth and extremely precise.

When you work with an application that builds meshes (like Tinkercad image below -, or 3ds Max), a cylinder will contain a faceted circle and faceted side. So it is not as accurate as the previous one (especially if you were looking for a perfectly smooth side). You can always increase the resolution of a mesh and get closer to the real curve, but at the expense of really huge models that will slow down your system. The two images below show a section of a cylinder with 12 and 24 facets. The last one looks more like a smooth circle, but you would probabl y need many more facets to try to match the circle in the image above.

123D Design introduced meshes in a previous release, where we allowed you to have some level of interaction between them. That said, not all options that work on a solid work on a mesh. Let's see why not. Take a fillet, for example. A fillet can be defined as the bl ending of two or more adjacent faces by adding a radius on the edge, so you can get a smoothed edge. This is an easy operation in a solid, since you have one edge between two faces. Let's go back to the example of the cylinder. If you see a cylinder made out of a mesh (image below), the edge will be a collection of segments and there will be several faces converging there. Even worse, in some cases you will have a triangular face converging by a vertex. Smoothing an edge becomes a much more complex operation. It could be solved on a single fillet, but if you try to fillet or chamfer multiple edges, the solution is quite difficult when doing meshes.

B-rep solids are created in 123D Design or can be imported as SAT, STEP and SMB files. You can also insert a 123dx file that mi ght contain solids.

Meshes are always imported into 123D Design, and can be either STL or OBJ files. You may also have a 123dx file containing meshes.

You can then do operations like Merge, Subtract and Intersect between solids and meshes. You can move, rotate and scale meshes. Some commands will only work in b-rep solids: fillet, chamfer, split body, split face, extrude, sweep, revolve, loft, press/pull and shell. If you want to perform any of these operations in a mesh, you will need to convert it into a solid, which we'll explore later in this document.

Now that we understand what kind of objects can be used in 123D Design, let's mention another important detail: 123D Design i s a direct modeling application. So what does this mean? It means that at every moment, you have access to editing faces and edges of any object, and that after every step, the b-rep solid gets recomputed. So, for example, when you do a subtraction between two solids and get a result, the only way to get back is with Undo. You can't access one level deeper in the operation and edit the original objects, because they are already gone. This is a fundamental different with other applications that keep a tree and are also normally parametric.

Direct modeling makes things remarkably easier for entry-level users. Of course there's a lot of power on parametric mechanical modeling, and Autodesk has pretty good solutions on the professional side for this (if you want to go along this path, you must try Autodesk Inventor).

123D Design only works with solids and meshes, and doesn't support surfaces, which is what you would get when trying to extrude, sweep, loft or revolve an open profile. The reason we chose not to support surfaces is that 123D Design was mainly thought for 3D printing and other methods of manufacturing, and getting a surface ready for production takes some level of understanding that would be exceeding the scope of this product. There are great solutions for surface modeling, like Fusion 360, Alias Studio, AutoCAD, Maya, etc. No need to add yet another tool that does the same, at the cost of making the experience more complicated for an entry level user.

The answer is Yes and No. 123D Design does not expose a coordinate system (universal or user defined), but it somehow fulfills similar needs with the Ruler. You will be able to insert the Ruler at any part of the scene. If you insert it at the origin and then select an object, you are actually using a universal coordinate system.

If you snap the Ruler onto any object in the scene and select another one, you will be controlling relative position between these two objects, which is one of the main purposes for a relative coordinate system anyways.

Just a look at the Gallery can show you all the amazing work of our users. Let's take a look at some examples.

The thin layer of metal next to wood was achieved with projection of the boundary of the wood, and then this projection was offset in order to extrude the result.

This model looks complex, but is basically an extruded sketch and then the body gets split with a spline.

This model requires some sketching and projection of sketches, and some understanding around manipulations of sketches before lofting.

This example shows how an imported mesh (in this case an OBJ from 123D Creature) can allow you to do fun things in 123D Design. The drawer was cut on the mesh using a subtraction against a box.

1. Main Toolbar Start creating 2D shapes or 3D models using the tools in this toolbar. Transform, construct and modify objects using tools.

2. Application Menu Create new, open, save, import and export files from here. Directly send the files to different applications like 123D Make and Meshmixer or simply send your model to 3D Print to your desktop 3D Printer or to Online Print Service Bureaus.

3. Navigation Bar 4. Grid is the place to build the model. Switch on/off the grid with the icon on the Navigation bar. 5. Viewcube is the easy way to navigate on the screen. Just by clicking on different angles, view the model in different angles. 6. Sign in Log on to check your projects, models and social connections from your account. 7. Help Find shortcut keys information. Learn more about the product through the videos, tutorials, forums and website.. 8. Parts Bin Choose from the wide library of Kits that contain several useful models that you can use and modify in 123D Design. 9. Snapping nudging is easy way to bring precision while creating. Use arrows on the keyboard to nudge object. 10. Units Change units to inches, centimeters or millimeters. 11. Edit Grid Change the grid size to the preset sizes or specify your own custom grid size. 12. Context menus are options that appear when selecting an object. They show up at the bottom of the screen when selecting an object,

and provide different options for manipulation, visibility, materials, and launching different workflows (to be covered later)

As a 123D user, you have access to save and open projects from My Projects, which are hosted in the cloud. You can also save locally on your drive. When you save a 123dx file in the cloud, we'll also create an STL file that you can download from anywhere, or you can directly submit to a 3D printing service from within your account in 123dapp.com. Of course you can also export an STL file from the application itself. You definitely have a lot of choices.

1. Select the Open (Ctrl/Cmd+O) option from Application Menu. 2. Choose from `My projects', local computer, 123D Gallery or Examples. 3. Login to www.123dapp.com and view your models under My Projects.

123D Design allows you to save either to your local drives or into the cloud. In order to save to the cloud, you need to save to My Projects. Once you select the option to Save or Save Copy into My Projects, you'll need to sign in (if you hadn't signed in yet) and add info on the requested fields.

You also have options for saving Public or Private. When a model is saved to Public, it can be searchable by others and appears in the Gallery. Other users will also be able to download the model.

One of the benefits of saving to My Projects is that you get the file translated to different formats that you may find useful, especially if you are not at your computer where 123D Design is installed, and you want to browse your models, show them to someone else, or even launch 3D printing from outside of the application. Let's see how the model we just saved looks like in My Projects. You will need to visit www.123dapp.com, sign in and go to Models (it's under your profile)

You will get to your gallery of models coming from all 123D apps (if you use Catch, Make or Meshmixer) and when you select the model's thumbnail, you will see several options.

From here you can download all translated assets (STL file, SMB solid- file) and also launch services like 3D printing and creation of 2D layout. You can also choose to add this model into a Project. A Project is made out of one or more models (from any app), and can also host pictures

123D Design can work either online or offline. If you are in offline mode, you won't be able to access any of the online features (like opening and saving from/to Gallery, creation of 2D layout and send print to service bureaus). The content of the Parts Bin is also loaded from t he web, so once you go to offline mode, you will get a reduced version of shapes to work with. You will be notified you are in offline mode by a message next to Help on the top right part of the screen.

Starting with predefined content and creating models by manipulation of these shapes is much more intuitive than sketching. 123D Design has a set of shapes available in the toolbar, which we call primitives. It also has a panel with content on the right side, which we call Parts Bin.

A primitive is a simple shape that can become a building block for different models. In 123D Design, we have 2D and 3D primitives. The 3D primitives are Box, Sphere, Cylinder, Cone, Torus, Wedge, Prism, Pyramid and Hemisphere. All of these contain some parameters that will be available for editing before inserting them on the scene. Once they are in the scene, manipulation of size should be done with other methods.

The easiest way to start a project is by dragging content into the scene. This can be done through the Parts Bin that appears on the right, or by adding primitives from the toolbar. Primitives allow you to edit their size before you place them on the scene. They will also try to align with other existing objects in the scene. Let's see how to insert a Box in the scene.

Select a Box on the main toolbar under `Primitives' menu Input values for Length, Width and Height in the glyph Place box in a grid/face, and then click outside with the mouse Click `Material' to select a material e.g. Cherry While inserting a new primitive for the first time, you can snap it to any other solid by dragging it closer to another solid . Note: Insert Sphere, Cylinder, Cone, Torus, Pyramid, Hemisphere, Wedge, and Prism in a similar way.

The Parts Bin is a repository of different kits of objects. You will find several categories that can help you in different projects (hardware, lighting fixtures, gears, toys, etc). Insert content by dragging and dropping into the canvas. The Parts Bin may be collapsed by default. You will find a small control to the right of your screen, and you can use that sa me control for collapsing the Parts Bin.

If the Parts Bin is expanded, you can use this control to collapse it. There is a subtle difference between inserting primitives from toolbar compared to dragging models from t he Parts Bin. The primitives from the toolbar will cruise against other objects (trying to align to faces), whereas the models dragged from the Parts Bin will always be inserted on the grid.

You can also access a lot more content by opening or inserting content from the 123D Gallery. Since 123D Design can open both solid and mesh models, most of the content in the Gallery will be usable. You can browse the Gallery and sort content in different ways. Just as a reminder, any content coming from an application based on mesh modeling may not be watertight (meaning that there may be gaps in the mesh which will prevent you from doing conversion to solid or 3D print successfully). We'll cover some ways of solving this problem later in this document.

123D Design also has a small gallery of examples that can help you understand the potential of the product.

Now that we know how to insert content in the scene, let's see how to manipulate this content. Manipulation can happen at the object level, or at the sub-object level (faces, edges and vertices).

Move and rotate are done using the same Transform tool (if you want to do direct manipulation). You can also move by nudging with the arrow keys and rotate with the X, Y and Z keys. But if you want the whole experience, you will probably use the Transform tool. You can then move and input a distance, or rotate and input an angle. The Transform widget will by default be shown respecting universal coordinates. Sometimes you will need the direction of the widget to be aligned with something else in the scene. In those cases, you will use the option Reorient and the widget will align with any face you choose and also snap to the right place. Snapping to a new origin will allow you to use the widget as a pivot for rotation.

Select (Ctrl/Cmd+T)Move/Rotate feature on the main toolbar under `Transform' menu Select Arrow manipulator, and then input the exact value or drag the Arrow manipulator to move Hold Rotate manipulator, and then input exact angle or drag the Rotate manipulator to rotate. If you press Shift while dragging, you

will constrain the rotation every 45 degrees. If you want to reorient the center point, click `Start Reorient', and move the manipulator to the appropriate point. Click `Stop

Reorient' to fix the point. Press `Enter/Return' to execute the command or just click outside with the mouse.